Class 11 Biology Digestion and Absorption Ncert Solutions

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption: Everybody knows that food is one of the basic requirements of all living organisms. The major components of our food are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Vitamins and minerals are also required in small quantities. You know that food provides energy and organic materials for the growth and repair of tissues. Likewise so many important topics and concepts are there in this chapter which you are going to study. As in the solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption you will get questions along with their answers and all will be related to the digestion and absorption of food in our body. In CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption you will learn that biomacromolecules in food cannot be utilized by our bodies in their original form and they have to be broken down and converted into simple substances in the digestive system. This process of conversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms is called digestion and is carried out by our digestive system by mechanical and biochemical methods and you are going to get questions related to this in NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter even from any other class then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers.

Important topics of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption:

16.1 Digestive System

16.1.1 Alimentary Canal

16.1.2 Digestive Glands

16.2 Digestion of Food

16.3 Absorption of Digested Products

16.4 Disorders of Digestive System

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption will help you in getting all the answers of this chapter. As in this Chapter 16 - Digestion and Absorption of Human Physiology, you will also learn about the absorptions of digested food and the digested end products are absorbed into the body through the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi and now the question is what about undigested food, so it enters into the caecum of the large intestine through the ileocecal valve, which prevents the backflow of the fecal matters.

After going through solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption, you must be able to understand answers of all the following questions:

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption- Solved Exercise Questions:

Q2. Match column I with column II :

Column I Column II
(a) Bilirubin and biliverdin (i) Parotid
(b) Hydrolysis of starch (ii) Bile
(c) Digestion of fat (iii) Lipases
(d) Salivary gland (iv) Amylases

Answer:

Correct matching is (a)- ii, (b)- iv, (c)- iii, (d)- i

Column I Column II
(a) Bilirubin and biliverdin (ii) Bile
(b) Hydrolysis of starch (iv) Amylases
(c) Digestion of fat (iii) Lipases
(d) Salivary gland (i) Parotid

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption:

Q3. Answer briefly:

(a) Why are villi present in the intestine and not in the stomach?

Answer:

The Intestine is involved in the absorption of digested food. So, to increase the surface area of the absorption, villi are the present on the surface of the intestine. Villi are small finger-like structures. that increase the surface area of absorption of digested food into the blood.

Q3. Answer briefly:

(d) How does bile help in the digestion of fats?

Answer:

Bile refers to the digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile juice has bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These break down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. Bile juice also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipase.

Solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption:

Q4. State the role of pancreatic juice in digestion of proteins.

Answer:

The pancreatic juice is secreted by the pancreas and it is a mixture of enzymes such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and carboxypeptidases. These enzymes are inactive and they are required for the process of digestion of proteins.

The role of these enzymes in protein digestion is depicted below

1. Enzyme trypsinogen gets activated into trypsin by an enzyme called enterokinase. This enzyme is secreted by the intestinal mucosa. Trypsin further activates the other enzymes of pancreatic juice such as chymotrypsinogen and carboxypeptidase.

2. Chymotrypsinogen is a milk-coagulating enzyme that converts proteins into peptides.

3. Carboxypeptidase is an enzyme that acts on the carboxyl end of the peptide chain and helps in the release of the last amino acid from the polypeptide chain, thus, aiding protein digestion.

Q5. Describe the process of digestion of protein in stomach.

Answer:

Stomach is the first organ where the digestion of proteins starts while the small intestine is the part where protein digestion ends. Stomach possess gastric glands which secret gastric juices containing enzymes that act on food. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, mucus, and rennin. Firstly, the food that enters the stomach becomes acidic when it mixes with the gastric juice. The function of these components in protein digestion is as follows:

1. Hydrochloric acid dissolves the food particle and creates an acidic medium inside the stomach. Acidic medium is a pre-requisite for the conversion of inactive enzyme pepsinogen into active pepsin. .

2. Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme that converts proteins into proteases and peptides.

3. Rennin which plays an important part in the coagulation of milk is a proteolytic enzyme which is released as prorennin i.e. inactive rennin.

Q6. Give the dental formula of human beings.

Answer:

The dental formula refers to the arrangement of teeth in each half of the upper jaw and the lower jaw.

The dental formula for milk teeth in humans is:

Each half of the upper jaw and the lower jaw has 2 incisors, 1 canine, and 2 molars. Premolars are absent in milk teeth. It is represented as

An adult human has 32 permanent teeth. Each half of the upper jaw and the lower jaw has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars. The dental formula for permanent teeth in humans represented as

Q7. Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

Answer:

The bile juice secreted by the liver does not contain any digestive enzymes, however, it plays an important role in the digestion of fats. It contains bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin which break down large fat globules into smaller globules. This makes sure that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on the fat globules. This process is known as emulsification of fats. Bile juice also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipase. Hence, bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion

CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption:

Q8. Describe the digestive role of chymotrypsin. Which two other digestive enzymesof the same category are secreted by its source gland?

Answer:

Chymotrypsinogen is an inactive enzyme that gets activated into chymotrypsin by the action of enzyme trypsin present in the pancreatic juice. Chymotrypsin, when activated plays an important role in the breakdown of the partially- hydrolysed proteins into peptides

The other digestive enzymes of the same category, are trypsinogen and carboxypeptidase. These are also secreted by the same source-gland, pancreas. Trypsinogen gets activated via enterokinase into trypsin.

Q9. How are polysaccharides and disaccharides digested?

Answer:

The process of digestion of carbohydrates occurs in the mouth and small intestine.

Digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth- After entering into the mouth, the food gets mixed with saliva which breaks down the starch into maltose, isomaltose and limit dextrins. Saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase which is involved in the break down of starch into its constituents at a particular pH of 6.8. This enzyme continues to act in the oesophagus, but its action stops in the stomach as the contents become acidic. Therefore, the carbohydrate-digestion stops in the stomach.

Digestion in the small intestine- In the small intestine, carbohydrate digestion resumes. The food is acted upon by pancreatic juice and the intestinal juice. Pancreatic juice contains the pancreatic amylase that hydrolyses the polysaccharides into disaccharides. On the other hand, intestinal juice contains a variety of enzymes (disaccharidases such as maltase, lactase, sucrase, etc.) which help in the digestion of disaccharides.

The digestion of carbohydrates is completed in the small intestine.

Q10. What would happen if HCl were not secreted in the stomach?

Answer:

The function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to dissolve food particles and maintain an acidic medium. The acidic medium is required for the pepsinogen to be converted into pepsin which is essential for the process of digestion of proteins. Hence, if HCL were not secreted in the stomach, then pepsin would not be activated leading to impaired protein digestion.

Q11. How does butter in your food get digested and absorbed in the body?

Answer:

Butter is a fat-based product.

Digestion of fats

Fats are digested in the small intestine. The liver secretes bile juice which contains bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These break down large fat globules into smaller globules, to increase their surface area for the action of lipase. This process is called emulsification of fats. Later, the pancreatic lipase present in the pancreatic juice and the intestinal lipase present in the intestinal juice hydrolyse the fat molecules into triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, and finally into glycerol.

Absorption of fats

During the digestion of fats, the fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These are water-insoluble substances, hence, they cannot be directly absorbed by the blood. Therefore, they are first incorporated into small droplets called micelles and then transported into the villi of the intestinal mucosa. These are then converted into small microscopic particles called chylomicrons, which are small, protein-coated fat globules. These chylomicrons are transported to the lymph vessels in the villi. From the lymph vessels, the absorbed food is finally released into the bloodstream and from the bloodstream, to each and every cell of the body.

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption:

Q13. Explain the term thecodont and diphyodont.

Answer:

Thecodont: It refers to a type of dentition in which the teeth are embedded in the deep sockets of the jaw bone. This type of dentition is common in mammals.

Diphyodont: It refers to a specialised kind of dentition in which two successive sets of teeth are developed during the lifetime of the organism. The first set of teeth is deciduous and the other set is permanent. The deciduous set of teeth is replaced by permanent adult teeth. This type of dentition can be seen in humans.

Q14. Name different types of teeth and their number in an adult human.

Answer:

In an adult human, four different types of teeth are found. These include incisor, canine, premolar and molar teeth.

1. Incisors: The eight teeth in the front are incisors. There are four incisors each in the upper jaw and the lower jaw. The function of incisors is the cutting off food particles.

2. Canines: The pointy teeth on either side of the incisors are canines. They are four in number, two each placed in the upper jaw and the lower jaw. They are meant for tearing.

3. Premolars: These are the teeth next to the canines. They are eight in number, four each placed in the upper jaw and the lower jaw. Their function is grinding.

4. Molars: These are found at the end of the jaw, next to the premolars. There are twelve molars, six each placed in the upper jaw and the lower jaw.

Q15. What are the functions of liver?

Answer:

Functions of bile juice are as follows:

1. The liver secretes bile juice which plays an important role in the digestion of fats.

2. Conversion of poisonous ammonia to urea, to clear the blood of drugs and other poisonous substances

3. Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage, which can later be converted to glucose for energy

If you have any query in understanding these solutions which are mentioned in the above then again go through the chapter of the NCERT textbook, then try to solve them by yourself and compare them with CBSE NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption. This will help you not only for your school exam as it will also help you in the preparation of other competitive exams like NEET.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology- Chapter Wise

NCERT Solutions for Class 11- Subject wise

Solutions

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption

Question: What are the benefits of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption?

Answer:

• NCERT is the base of your learning.
• You will get all the answers to this chapter and it will help you to score good marks in the exam.
• NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption will also help you with competitive exams like NEET.
• Solutions for NCERT class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption will also help you in your 12th board exam.
• It will also boost your knowledge.

Question: What are the important topics of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 16 digestion and absorption?

Answer:

• Digestive System

• Alimentary Canal
• Digestive Glands
• Digestion of Food
• Absorption of Digested Products
• Disorders of Digestive System

Question: Why are villi present in the intestine and not in the stomach?

Answer:

The Intestine is involved in the absorption of digested food. So, to increase the surface area of the absorption, villi are the present on the surface of the intestine. Villi are small finger-like structures. that increase the surface area of absorption of digested food into the blood.

Question: How does bile help in the digestion of fats?

Answer:

Bile refers to the digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile juice has bile salts such as bilirubin and biliverdin. These break down large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzymes can easily act on them. This process is known as emulsification of fats. Bile juice also makes the medium alkaline and activates lipase.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption

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